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一文搞懂什么是新闻什么是舆论

2022/07/02创始人

<p data-track="1" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em; margin-top: 0px !important;">经常有江湖好友拿一个负面信息的帖子慌忙来问：刘老狮，不好啦！我们又出负面舆论啦，这可咋整啊？<p data-track="2" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">负面信息如果不是事实，去平台举报即可。如果负面信息是对事实的描述，尤其是对新近发生的事实的描述，那就算得上新闻了。<p data-track="3" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">然而，新闻是新闻，舆论是舆论。咱们行走江湖，在叫法是还是要讲究的！<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.056em; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.579; position: relative; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">什么是新闻？</h1><p data-track="5" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">对于新闻的定义，江湖上也没有统一的说法，各路高人各抒己见，让很多修行新闻学的道友较起真来也是丈二的和尚摸不着头脑。还好，在这些高手中有一位大师的说法本人完全认同，于是就学来直接用。大师说：新闻是媒体对公众生存环境新近发生的重要变动状态的描述。（见于高钢所著的《新闻采访写作》）<p data-track="6" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">定义中有两个子概念媒体和公众，这两个概念非常简单——就是你想的那样，所以不再做进一步探讨。尽管如此，由于大师的话是经过严格思考和提炼的，需要拆解。最直接的拆解就是把原定义的句子逐步简化再还原——小学时候玩过的语文缩短句子的游戏：<p data-track="7" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">原句：新闻是媒体对公众生存环境新近发生的重要变动状态的描述。<p data-track="8" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">缩句：<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; counter-reset: ul_list 0; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li>新闻是公众生存环境新近发生的重要变动状态的描述。</li><li>新闻是新近发布的重要变动状态的描述。</li><li>新闻是重要变动状态的描述。</li><li>新闻是描述。</li></ul><p data-track="13" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">以上每缩句一次，都是减掉了新闻的一个重要属性。减到最后就是新闻最重要的本质属性了——新闻是描述。<p data-track="78" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">那么新闻是什么样的描述呢？逐步再还原句子：<p data-track="14" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">新闻是重要变动状态的描述。显然是说新闻是重要变动状态事件的描述。同时要注意这里有一个隐含属性：“变动状态”也就是“已发生的客观事实”，意思是新闻是对已发生的客观事件的描述。<p data-track="15" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">新闻是新近发生的重要变动状态的描述。新闻是指新近发生的事。<p data-track="16" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">新闻是公众生存环境新近发生的重要变动状态的描述。新闻关注的对象是公众生存环境中的事件。<p data-track="17" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">新闻是媒体对公众生存环境新近发生的重要变动状态的描述。新闻是通过媒体报道的。<p data-track="18" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">以上像是在玩文字游戏。那就举个例子：<p data-track="19" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">2021-05-31新华社报道：中共中央政治局5月31日召开会议，听取“十四五”时期积极应对人口老龄化重大政策举措汇报，审议《关于优化生育政策促进人口长期均衡发展的决定》。会议指出，实施一对夫妻可以生育三个子女政策及配套支持措施，有利于改善我国人口结构……<p data-track="20" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">这显然是媒体（新华社）对公众生存环境新近发生的重要变动状态的（审议三胎政策）的描述——这是正儿八经的新闻。<p data-track="21" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">再举一例，十几个小时前：<p data-track="22" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">央视新闻，13日6时40分许，湖北十堰市张湾区车城街办艳湖社区集贸市场发生燃气爆炸事故，造成多人受伤。事发后，十堰已投入各方救援力量超过2000人。救援人员已携带大型救援设备、生命探测仪、警犬等在现场开展搜救处置工作。截至14时，共搜救收治伤病员138人，其中，37人重伤、12人死亡。<p data-track="23" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">这也是正儿八经的新闻。<p data-track="24" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">再举一例，几个小时前：<p data-track="25" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">北京日报，在6月13日下午进行的一场世预赛亚洲区40强赛比赛中，已经提前晋级的韩国队以2比1逆转击败黎巴嫩队。<p data-track="26" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">从生活习惯来判断，这是个新闻。但你可能会对这个事儿算不算“生存环境的重要变动”保留意见。<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="30" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.056em; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.579; position: relative; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">什么是舆论？</h1><p data-track="31" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">　　巧的是，对于舆论的定义，江湖上也没有统一的说法，各路高人各抒己见，很多靠舆论工作吃饭的道友也是含糊其辞。不巧的是，诸位高人的定义没有一个是本人完全接受的。所以，自己给舆论下了一个定义：舆论是在公共言论空间，某些群体围绕某一事件表达出的群体性的意见的总和。<p data-track="32" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">说明：我是基于舆论引导方法论构建的需求来给舆论下的定义。这个定义方便用来推导舆论引导工作中实用的方法，利于舆论学科学化。除此之外，没有其他优越性。至于怎么用它推导方法论，后续会有《舆论引导方法论》系列文章。敬请期待。<p data-track="33" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">还回到缩短句子的文字游戏。<p data-track="34" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">原句：舆论是围绕某一事件在公共言论空间表达的所有的群体性的意见。<p data-track="35" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">缩句：<p data-track="36" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">舆论是在公共言论空间表达的所有的群体性的意见。<p data-track="37" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">舆论是所有的群体性的意见。<p data-track="38" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">舆论是群体性的意见。<p data-track="39" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">舆论是意见。<p data-track="40" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">每缩句一次都减掉了一个舆论的本质属性。而最后剩下的是舆论最重要的本质属性——舆论是意见。<p data-track="41" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">这时候满脑子都是智慧的你可能已经看出新闻与舆论的本质区别了，不过先别着急，咱们先把舆论的定义讨论完。照例咱们再把缩短后的句子还原：<p data-track="42" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">舆论是意见。是人们基于自身的认知水平和价值判断而表达的意见——主观意见。<p data-track="43" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">舆论是群体性的意见。群体性的意见是指一些人共同的意见。文稿写到这里深夜０点已过，码字的此刻是2021年6月14日凌晨2点，已是端午节。那么就是端午吃粽子为例来说事比较合适。刚好几个小时前人民网官方微博发了一个关于端午节吃粽子【甜粽vs咸粽，你更爱哪个？】的小调查，截图如下：<img src="http://www.zlyuqing.com/uploadfile/202207/230beaef76d19d3.png" img_width="554" img_height="420" alt="一文搞懂什么是新闻什么是舆论" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; display: block; border-radius: 4px; height: auto;"/><p class="pgc-img-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">人民网官方微博发起投票<p data-track="45" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">　　群体性意见是指有很多人认同的，容易找到同志的意见。这里的群体性意见有：<ol start="1" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; counter-reset: ol_list 0; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li>爱甜粽（含枣粽、豆沙粽、板栗粽等）。</li><li>爱咸粽（含肉粽、蛋黄粽等）</li><li>甜粽咸粽都喜欢。</li></ol><p data-track="49" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">　　如下图点赞着众多的那些留言。<img src="http://www.zlyuqing.com/uploadfile/202207/5fa09f6d3659636.png" img_width="554" img_height="635" alt="一文搞懂什么是新闻什么是舆论" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; display: block; border-radius: 4px; height: auto;"/><p class="pgc-img-caption" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; color: rgb(153, 153, 153);">网友针对粽子的选择<p data-track="50" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">　　非群体性意见的意见，见下图高举螺狮粉粽子大旗的那位！<img src="http://www.zlyuqing.com/uploadfile/202207/a954a2d52b2ffc8.png" img_width="554" img_height="727" alt="一文搞懂什么是新闻什么是舆论" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; display: block; border-radius: 4px; height: auto;"/> <p data-track="51" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">　　为什么要舆论的定义中要突出群体性意见呢？因为像“高举螺狮粉粽子大旗”的这种意见没有群众基础，在舆论引导工作中可以任其自生自灭。<p data-track="52" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">舆论是所有的群体性的意见。关于端午节吃什么口味的粽子，应该是上面所述的几项群体性意见的总合才构成完整的舆论。如果单把吃甜粽子的拿出来说事，它不能代表整个公众舆论。舆论引导工作中要兼顾各方群体意见，如果只拎一头可能会惹麻烦。<p data-track="53" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">舆论是公共言论空间表达的所有的群体性的意见。昨天晚饭时我们家人针对甜粽子好吃还是咸粽子好吃展开了讨论。各方意见表达如下：<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 30px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; counter-reset: ul_list 0; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li>岳父岳母喜欢吃甜粽不喜欢吃咸粽。</li><li>我喜欢吃肉粽不喜欢吃甜粽。</li><li>老婆是咸粽甜粽都喜欢。</li></ul><p data-track="87" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">我们的讨论只在家庭内部，没有参与到公共言论空间的讨论，对其他人不造成任何影响。那么我们家人的讨论不能算舆论。<p data-track="88" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">如果你要问我为什么不算舆论，那么我要反问一句：如何把舆论引导工作覆盖到私密空间？如果舆论引导工作无法覆盖到，却作为舆论问题研究的对象，那不是在给自己找麻烦吗？这事咱不干！<p data-track="54" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">舆论是围绕某一事件在公共言论空间表达的所有的群体性的意见。无论是个人在公共空间表达意见，还是舆论引导的工作安排都不会把多个事件混在一块干。即便有人在人民网粽子口味调查的微博下面留言“高举豆腐脑加白糖的大旗”且有上万人点赞认同，那么它也不应该划分到端午节粽子口味的舆论当中。<p data-track="55" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">以上是新闻和舆论的定义的探讨，是准备工作。下面开始让二者PK。<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="56" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.056em; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.579; position: relative; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">新闻和舆论的区别</h1><p class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="57" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">新闻是客观事实的描述，舆论是主观意见的表达。<p data-track="58" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">以上定义的探讨就是对本段标题的证明。<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="59" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.056em; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; line-height: 1.579; position: relative; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">新闻和舆论的关系</h1><p class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="60" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">　　新闻可能引起群体性意见的形成与表达，从而激起舆论。<p data-track="61" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">　　举例：<p data-track="62" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">　　央视新闻 2021年05月22日报道，痛别！中国“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平逝世。2021年5月22日13时07分，“共和国勋章”获得者、中国工程院院士、国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心主任、湖南省政协原副主席袁隆平，因病逝世，享年91岁。<p data-track="63" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">这显然是重大的新闻事件。随着公众对袁老的悼念活动，对袁老一生成就的点评也在进行。然后形成几方观点：有一些人认为袁老的功绩没有人民心中理解的那么大；也有很多人认为公众低估了袁老的成就。各方意见展开激烈的讨论，甚至引发一波舆论战。这就是新闻事件引发的舆论事件。<p class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="64" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">　　舆论可能对公众生存环境形成重大的变动，然后对舆论事件的客观描述构成新闻<p data-track="65" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">举例：<p data-track="66" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">人民网在新浪微博发起的端午吃粽子的小调查形成几派群体性意见在留言区激烈的讨论——这是舆论。<p data-track="67" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">然后，对该舆论事件的可以有这样的报道：<p data-track="68" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">中新智库网 2021年6月14日报道人民网官方微博于2021年6月13日18：00在新浪微博发起主题为【甜粽vs咸粽，你更爱哪个？】的投票。截止到6月14日凌晨3点已有10万人参与投票，其中投票“甜粽最牛不解释”的有4.8万人，投票“咸粽才是yyds”的有5.1万人。微博点赞11.7万人，还有大量网友在留言区展开激烈的争论。<img src="http://www.zlyuqing.com/uploadfile/202207/4989e856364dbe7.png" img_width="554" img_height="415" alt="一文搞懂什么是新闻什么是舆论" inline="0" class="syl-page-img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px auto 8px; padding: 0px; cursor: zoom-in; display: block; border-radius: 4px; height: auto;"/> <p data-track="69" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">　　报道中加上截图证明报道内容的客观性，这个报道就构成新闻了。<p data-track="70" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 2em;">从今往后，行走江湖做一个讲究人，不再弄混什么是新闻，什么是舆论！